Architecture Overview¶

System Architecture Philosophy¶

The ABS Platform is built on a hub-and-spoke architecture within the broader DIRAC framework, designed to coordinate complex multi-stakeholder ecosystems while maintaining high performance and scalability. The architecture separates concerns between API coordination (FED), messaging orchestration (BRO), and domain-specific services (ABS, ARM, etc.).

DIRAC Framework Integration¶

Core Components¶

The ABS Platform operates as a key component within the DIRAC framework's six-layer architecture:

DIRAC Framework Architecture

Component Responsibilities¶

UXI (Unified User Experience)¶

Single Point of Access: Unified web and mobile interfaces
React Applications: Responsive customer and operator interfaces
Authentication & Authorization: Centralized user management
Multi-Tenant Support: Customer, operator, and management portals

FED (Federated API Layer)¶

GraphQL Gateway: Type-safe, unified API interface
Service Orchestration: Coordinated calls across ABS, ARM, and external systems
Schema Federation: Combined schemas from multiple services
Request Routing: Intelligent routing to appropriate service endpoints

BRO (Messaging Broker Exchange)¶

MQTT Hub: Real-time event coordination using /dirac/{domain}/* topics
Event Orchestration: Asynchronous communication between components
Signal Compression: External complexity reduced to fundamental FSM inputs
Message Persistence: Reliable delivery and replay capabilities

ABS Platform Core Architecture¶

Layered Architecture Design¶

ABS Platform Architecture

Key Architectural Principles¶

1. Finite State Machine (FSM) Foundation¶

O(1) Performance: Precomputed transition maps for constant-time state lookups
Mathematical Correctness: Pure functions implementing f:(S,Σ)→(S′,P(Λ))
Signal Compression: Complex external events compressed to fundamental FSM inputs
Deterministic Behavior: Predictable state transitions with comprehensive validation

2. Data-Driven Agent Architecture¶

Functional Design: Agent logic as pure TypeScript functions
Plugin Registry: Extensible agent registration and execution system
Context Injection: Rich execution context with calculation utilities
Model Confinement: Agent-specific state types isolated from shared schemas

3. Template-Driven Configuration¶

ServicePlanTemplate: Immutable configuration templates for service models
Version Pinning: Agent versions pinned at template creation for stability
Country/Jurisdiction Binding: Legal and currency frameworks defined at template level
Configuration Inheritance: ServicePlans inherit all template settings

4. Event-Driven Messaging¶

MQTT Integration: Real-time communication with IoT devices and external systems
Signal Patterns: Emit/echo for coordination, call/return for critical operations
Topic Conventions: Structured topic hierarchies for message routing
Message Persistence: Reliable delivery with replay capabilities

Technology Stack¶

Backend Technologies¶

Node.js + TypeScript¶

Performance: Asynchronous I/O for high-concurrency service coordination
Type Safety: Complete TypeScript implementation with strict typing
Ecosystem: Rich npm ecosystem for rapid development
Scalability: Horizontal scaling through stateless service design

GraphQL with Apollo Server¶

Type Safety: Schema-first development with automatic validation
Federation: Combined schemas from multiple services
Real-time: Subscription support for live updates
Caching: Intelligent query caching and optimization

Database & Persistence¶

TypeORM: Object-relational mapping with migration support
PostgreSQL: ACID-compliant transactions with JSON support
Redis: High-performance caching and session management
State Persistence: Pluggable persistence with versioned state management

Frontend Technologies¶

React.js Ecosystem¶

Component Architecture: Reusable UI components with TypeScript
State Management: Redux Toolkit for predictable state management
GraphQL Client: Apollo Client for type-safe API integration
Mobile Support: React Native for cross-platform mobile applications

Infrastructure & Deployment¶

Containerization¶

Docker: Containerized services with multi-stage builds
Kubernetes: Orchestrated deployment with auto-scaling
Helm Charts: Templated deployments for multiple environments
Service Mesh: Istio for service-to-service communication

Monitoring & Observability¶

Prometheus: Metrics collection and alerting
Grafana: Operational dashboards and visualization
Jaeger: Distributed tracing for request flow analysis
ELK Stack: Centralized logging and log analysis

Integration Architecture¶

External System Integration¶

Odoo ERP Integration¶

Payment Processing: Subscription billing and deposit management
Customer Management: CRM integration with customer lifecycle
Financial Reporting: Revenue recognition and financial analytics
MQTT Synchronization: Real-time payment status updates

ARM (Asset Relations Management)¶

Asset Tracking: Battery and station inventory management
IoT Device Management: Device monitoring and control
Digital Twins: Real-time asset state representation
Fleet Optimization: AI-powered asset allocation and maintenance

External API Integration¶

Payment Gateways: Multiple payment processor support
Identity Providers: OAuth 2.0 and SAML integration
Mapping Services: Location-based services for station finding
Notification Services: SMS, email, and push notification delivery

Message Flow Patterns¶

Service Request Flow¶

Customer Request: Mobile app initiates service request
FED Coordination: GraphQL mutation coordinates service allocation
ABS Processing: Service plan validation and agent execution
ARM Integration: Asset allocation and availability checking
BRO Messaging: Real-time status updates to customer and operators
Odoo Synchronization: Billing and usage tracking updates

Asset State Synchronization¶

IoT Events: Battery and station sensors emit state changes
ARM Processing: Asset state updates and validation
BRO Broadcasting: Asset state changes broadcasted to relevant services
ABS Updates: Service availability and allocation updates
Customer Notification: Real-time updates via mobile app

Performance & Scalability¶

Performance Characteristics¶

FSM Engine Performance¶

O(1) State Transitions: Constant-time lookups regardless of FSM complexity
Memory Efficiency: Precomputed transition maps minimize runtime computation
Concurrent Processing: Lock-free state transitions for high throughput
Validation Caching: Cached validation results for repeated operations

Horizontal Scalability¶

Stateless Services: All services designed for horizontal scaling
Database Sharding: Partitioned data for distributed storage
Message Queue Scaling: Distributed MQTT brokers for high message throughput
CDN Integration: Static asset delivery through global CDN

Capacity Planning¶

Traffic Patterns¶

Peak Usage: Morning and evening commute time optimization
Geographic Distribution: Multi-region deployment for latency optimization
Seasonal Variations: Capacity scaling for holiday and event traffic
Growth Projections: Linear scaling architecture for business growth

Resource Allocation¶

CPU Optimization: Agent processing and FSM calculations
Memory Management: State caching and session management
Network Bandwidth: MQTT message throughput and API requests
Storage Requirements: Transaction history and audit trail retention

Security Architecture¶

Authentication & Authorization¶

Multi-Tenant Security¶

Role-Based Access Control: Granular permissions by user type and organization
JWT Tokens: Stateless authentication with secure token validation
API Rate Limiting: Request throttling and abuse prevention
Session Management: Secure session handling with automatic expiration

Data Protection¶

Encryption at Rest: Database and file storage encryption
Encryption in Transit: TLS 1.3 for all network communication
Personal Data Protection: GDPR and local privacy regulation compliance
Audit Logging: Comprehensive audit trails for all system actions

Infrastructure Security¶

Network Segmentation: Isolated network zones for different service tiers
Container Security: Vulnerability scanning and secure base images
Secrets Management: Centralized secret storage and rotation
Backup Security: Encrypted backups with secure recovery procedures

Quality Assurance¶

Testing Strategy¶

Unit Testing: Comprehensive test coverage for all business logic
Integration Testing: End-to-end workflow validation
Performance Testing: Load testing and capacity validation
Security Testing: Vulnerability assessment and penetration testing

Monitoring & Alerting¶

Business Metrics: Service availability and customer satisfaction tracking
Technical Metrics: System performance and resource utilization
Alert Management: Proactive alerting with escalation procedures
Incident Response: Automated incident detection and response workflows

The architecture represents a mature, production-ready platform designed for enterprise-scale multi-stakeholder coordination while maintaining the flexibility and performance required for real-time service delivery.